The Virginian-Pilot
© February 27, 2008
NEWPORT NEWS
Virginia officials approved a spate of new rules Tuesday for harvesting blue crabs from the Chesapeake Bay, in the hope of restoring stocks of the seafood favorite, whose numbers have whittled to near-record lows in recent years.
The Virginia Marine Resources Commission voted unanimously for the changes at a tense, standing-room-only meeting in Newport News. Commission members also signaled that even more dramatic reforms are likely coming in the run-up to this year’s crabbing season , which begins March 17.
At the meeting packed with mostly angry commercial crabbers, critics denounced the new regulations as further examples of poor state management of the prized crab fishery, a staple in Virginia and Maryland for centuries. They predicted the rules will do little but cause
economic pain.
“We’re not going to survive this,” said Charles Pruitt, a waterman from Tangier Island, a commercial fishing hub in the middle of the Bay. “You might as well throw us out now; we’ve been regulated to death already.”
Beginning this season, the marine commission will require two escape hatches, or cull rings, to remain open on crab pots throughout the Bay – a move intended to give undersized female crabs a better chance to survive and spawn.
Commission members also increased the minimum size limit for peeler crabs, or those about to shed their shells and which are sold later as soft crabs, a delicacy to many seafood lovers.
They also moved to curb “agents” and “permit stacking,” in which watermen can let someone else catch crabs in their place – a loophole that state officials say has been exploited for years.
And the commission capped the number of watermen who can dredge crabs, almost all of them females, from the muddy bottom of the Bay as they hibernate during winter months.
Only about 55 license-holders will be able to continue this practice, though officials said they may ban winter dredging entirely when the commission meets again in April to discuss other conservation measures.
Also on tap for debate in April will be cutting the amount of crab pots and traps by between 10 and 30 percent, and perhaps as high as 50 percent; doing away with recreational crabbing licenses; and enforcing no-harvest sanctuaries for longer periods during the commercial season.
“Believe me, the commission gets no pleasure out of passing regulations that make things more difficult for watermen,” said Steve Bowman, who heads the marine commission. “But the numbers don’t lie. Things are bad. They’re really bad.”
For example, the average annual harvest in Virginia and Maryland from 1945 to 2006 was 72 million pounds. The harvest in 2007 was expected to be about 40 million pounds, the lowest on record.
Researchers at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science have also documented a 70 percent decline in the abundance of adult crabs since 1991 – a time when the state enacted 22 regulations designed to enhance stocks.
Jack Travelstead, state director of fisheries, said Tuesday that the years of regulation may not have turned the population around, but they probably helped avoid a complete collapse of the species.
Watermen, though, said the experience proved what they have argued for years – that the biggest problem facing crabs is not overfishing, which the commission has tried to regulate. Instead, they argued, crabs are suffering from a combination of environmental degradation – pollution, lost habitat, little oxygen to breathe – along with increasing numbers of natural predators such as striped bass, croakers and blue catfish.
“Water quality is the key,” Kelly Price, an Eastern Shore crabber, told the commission. “Without that, you lose habitat. And without habitat, you’re done.”
The moves Tuesday come as Maryland is wrestling with new regulations as well. The two states have been discussing joint strategies for weeks, officials said, and will continue to coordinate efforts.
Maryland is eyeing a maximum size limit for female crabs, but only wants to proceed if Virginia agrees to do the same, Travelstead said. The maximum limit, of 6½ inches, will be discussed at the April commission meeting.
As stocks continued to struggle last year, Virginia assembled a team of scientists and government experts from various Atlantic states. The team spent a year studying Virginia’s plight and concluded, among other things, that too many pots are being used to catch too few crabs, and that environmental woes are plaguing any revival.
The actions approved Tuesday stem from that scientific review. Virginia also is studying long-term management changes that would fundamentally shift how crabbing is governed.
That study is continuing but could include a days-on-the-
water system, in which crabbers would be granted specific times when they could go fishing, and could buy, sell or trade those rights as they please. The method has helped turn around the once-troubled sea scallop fishery off the Atlantic coast.